在英语中,时常会为了到达某种交际的目的而采用一种以否定句式来表达肯定含义的修辞手法,以加强语气或使语气更加委婉含蓄。常使用以下特殊的手段来达到此目的:
一、使用特定的词汇和短语
1、cannot/couldnt或can/could+否定词(never,hardly,scarcely等)。例如:
I cant wait to see him.(=Im excited to see him.)
2、否定词(no, not, little, nothing, none, nobody等)与but,beyond,except等连用。例如:
Nobody but Peter can do it well.(=Only Peter can do it well.)
二、使用特殊的句式
1、否定形式的虚拟语气句。例如:
If he had not study hard, he could not go to college now.(=Thanks to his hard work ,he is in college now .)
2、否定的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句。例如:
(1)Dont you think we should try again?(=I think we should try again.)
(2)There is a lift,but why not use the lift?(=You should use the lift since there is a lift.)
3、过去时的no sooner...than 否定结构的句子。例如:
No sooner had she got to Guangzhou,she called me.(=She called me the moment she reached Guangzhou.)
4、含有not+表瞬间动作的动词+till/until短语或从句。例如:
He didnt come back till 12:00.(=He came back at 12:00.)
另外,一些肯定的句式也能够表达否定的含义。同样,我们也可以借助某些词汇和句型:
(1)名词及短语常见的有:absence(不在),stranger(不熟悉)。例如:
I am a stranger in this city.(=I am not familiar with this city.)
(2)动词及短语有:escape(逃过),ignore(忽略),miss(错过)。例如:
I missed the early bus.(=I didnt catch the early bus.)
(3)形容词及短语有:last(不愿意的),deaf to (不听),blind to (看不见)。例如:
He is the last man I want to see.(=I dont want to see him at all.)
(4)介词及短语有:except, instead of.例如:
Id like all kinds of food except noodle.(=I dont like noodle.)
(5)在复合句中包含before引出的状语从句。例如:
He left before I got there.(=When I got there he wasnt there.)
英语中这类特殊的句式精彩纷呈,了解,熟悉并掌握这些表达手段不仅有助于同学们正确的理解英文,还可以提高表达能力。因此,在学习英语时不仅要注意语句的表层结构,更要研究其深层结构。
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